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Beginning with the Classical Period, researchers became fascinated with the topography, ecology, and geography of Southern Arabia. Such research questions can be encapsulated for example in Ptolemy's efforts of the second century A.D.:
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 Historical and recent maps of Southern Arabia
Ptolemaic maps of Southern Arabia since their creation in the second century A.D. dominated people's world view until the New World discoveries of European explorers. |
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 Ecosystems
The incense trees of both Arabia and East Africa are closely tied to micro ecological adaptations created by climate, topography, and soil conditions. The distribution of incense trees may be closely tied to past human exploitation and migration. |
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